High
Memory corruption exploit reference
CVE-2018-25032 — Nokogiri affected by zlib's Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability
zlib before 1.2.12 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.
29
Moderate
Who exploits it and how urgent it is
A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.
No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.
How the score was calculated
- EPSS 51.7% (30-day exploitation probability)+15
- Technical severity (high)+6
- CISA SSVC: exploitation "poc"+5
- Automatable exploitation (SSVC)+3
The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).
Triage
Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.
Exploitation
Not confirmed
Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.
EPSS FIRST
51.73%
ahead of 99% of scored CVEs · Oct 14, 2026
Affects
Apple
Mac Os X and 26 more
CVSS base
7.5
High · 4 source(s)
CISA SSVC assessment CISA
Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.
Exploitation
Proof of concept
none · proof-of-concept · active
Automatable
Yes
can an attacker script the kill-chain steps
Technical impact
Partial
partial · total control of the vulnerable component
Remediation
Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.
- Documented patch — github.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — github.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — github.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.debian.org (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.oracle.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Rubygems Nokogiri: fixed in version 1.13.4 — github.com (GitHub Security Advisories)
First 24 hours
Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.
- Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Apple Mac Os X, Apple Macos, Azul Zulu…).
- The attack is network-based and needs no privileges: restrict exposure (ACLs, VPN, WAF) until patched.
- Apply the fixed version or the patch documented under Remediation.
- EPSS ahead of 99% of scored CVEs: prioritize it in the patch queue.
- Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (memory corruption), errors and authentication anomalies.
Affected scope
Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | Mac Os X |
version 10.15.7-security_update_2021-003version 10.15.7-security_update_2020version 10.15.7≥ 10.15 and < 10.15.7version 10.15.7-security_update_2020-001version 10.15.7-security_update_2020-005version 10.15.7-security_update_2020-007version 10.15.7-security_update_2021-001 and 7 moreversion 10.15.7-security_update_2021-002version 10.15.7-security_update_2021-006version 10.15.7-security_update_2021-007version 10.15.7-security_update_2021-008version 10.15.7-security_update_2022-001version 10.15.7-security_update_2022-002version 10.15.7-security_update_2022-003 |
Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Apple | Macos | ≥ 12.0.0 and < 12.4≥ 11.0 and < 11.6.6 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Azul | Zulu | version 6.45version 7.52version 8.60version 11.54version 13.46version 15.38version 17.32 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Debian | Debian Linux | version 11.0version 10.0version 9.0 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Fedoraproject | Fedora | version 34version 36version 35 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Goto | Gotoassist | < 11.9.18 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Mariadb | Mariadb | ≥ 10.3.0 and < 10.3.36≥ 10.4.0 and < 10.4.26≥ 10.5.0 and < 10.5.17≥ 10.6.0 and < 10.6.9≥ 10.7.0 and < 10.7.5≥ 10.8.0 and < 10.8.4≥ 10.9.0 and < 10.9.2 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | Active Iq Unified Manager | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | E-series Santricity Os Controller | ≥ 11.0.0 and ≤ 11.70.2 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | H300s Firmware | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | H410c Firmware | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | H410s Firmware | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | H500s Firmware | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | H700s Firmware | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | Hci Compute Node | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | Management Services For Element Software | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | Oncommand Workflow Automation | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netapp | Ontap Select Deploy Administration Utility | versions not specified by the source | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Nokogiri | Nokogiri | < 1.13.4 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Python | Python | ≥ 3.10.0 and < 3.10.5≥ 3.9.0 and < 3.9.13≥ 3.8.0 and < 3.8.14≥ 3.7.0 and < 3.7.14 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Siemens | Scalance Sc622-2c Firmware | < 3.0 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Siemens | Scalance Sc626-2c Firmware | < 3.0 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Siemens | Scalance Sc632-2c Firmware | < 3.0 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Siemens | Scalance Sc636-2c Firmware | < 3.0 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Siemens | Scalance Sc642-2c Firmware | < 3.0 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Siemens | Scalance Sc646-2c Firmware | < 3.0 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Zlib | Zlib | ≥ 1.2.2.2 and < 1.2.12 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Rubygems | Nokogiri | < 1.13.4 | Vulnerable | GitHub Security Advisories |
Attack characteristics
The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Every base score collected
Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.
| Score | Version | Severity | Expl. | Impact | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | CVSS 3.1 | High | 3.9 | 3.6 | nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| 7.5 | CVSS 3.1 | High | 3.9 | 3.6 | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 via NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| 7.5 | CVSS 3.1 | High | — | — | GitHub, Inc. via GitHub Security Advisories |
| 7.5 | CVSS 3.1 | High | — | — | CISA-ADP via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| 5.0 | CVSS 2.0 | Medium | 10.0 | 2.9 | nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database |
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H (score shown at the top: nvd@nist.gov) Weakness MITRE
Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.
EPSS over time FIRST
Oct 13, 2026 → Oct 14, 2026 · 2 reading(s) · max 51.73%
Detection
Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.
- Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).
- Correlate service crashes/restarts with inbound traffic; repeated crashes may indicate attempts.
Timeline
What happened to this CVE, newest first.
- 2026
- Fix documented
- Affected products added · rubygems/nokogiri
- SSVC assessment updated
- Record published
- Fix documented
- Affected products added · nokogiri/nokogiri, python/python, zlib/zlib, debian/debian linux, fedoraproject/fedora, apple/mac os x, apple/macos, mar
- CVSS changed · 7.5
- Source status changed · → Modified
- Record created in this database
- 2022
- CVE published
Source activity
Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.
- 2× References added · Oct 14, 2026 – Oct 14, 2026
- 1× Official description updated · Oct 14, 2026 – Oct 14, 2026
References
45 on the record
- github.com/madler/zlib/issues/605
- www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5111
- github.com/madler/zlib/commit/5c44459c3b28a9bd3283aaceab7c615f8020c531
- www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html
- github.com/madler/zlib/compare/v1.2.11...v1.2.12
- support.apple.com/kb/HT213255
- github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-v6gp-9mmm-c6p5
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/05/msg00008.html
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VOKN
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/25/2
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NS2D2G
- nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25032
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220729-0004/
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/09/msg00023.html
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VOKNP2
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35
- support.apple.com/kb/HT213256
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DCZF
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-470355.html
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/24/1
- support.apple.com/kb/HT213257
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-565386.html
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JZZP
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NS2D
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33
- security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-42
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-419740.html
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DCZFIJ
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XOKF
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DF62
- github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/nokogiri/CVE-2018-25032.yml
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DF62MV
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XOKFMS
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JZZPTW
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220526-0009/
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-333517.pdf
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/28/1
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-333517.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-398330.html
- github.com/advisories/GHSA-jc36-42cf-vqwj
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/04/msg00000.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-942865.html
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/26/1
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/28/3
Elsewhere on this site
Related CVEs (same products)
- High CVE-2026-107823 MariaDB: privilege escalation via incorrect view frm parsing 6d
- Medium CVE-2026-107822 MariaDB: database privilege escalation via user / role name collision in the acl cache 6d
- High CVE-2026-107818 MariaDB: environment injection via wsrep bootstrap in the mariadb.service file 6d
- Medium CVE-2026-107816 MariaDB: `qc_info` plugin can do OOB reads if query contains \0 6d
- Medium CVE-2026-107817 MariaDB: mysql_json plugin OOB reads 6d
- High CVE-2026-107821 MariaDB: insufficient validation of binary frm data when opening a table 6d
Not in any source we poll
Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.
- No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
- No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
- No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.
Answered from this record
Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.
What should defenders know first?
CVE-2018-25032 is "Nokogiri affected by zlib's Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability", rated High. It affects Mac Os X (Apple); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 7.5 describes technical severity. EPSS 51.73% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.
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