CVE Intelligence
Unknown

CVE-2023-54002 — btrfs: fix assertion of exclop condition when starting balance

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix assertion of exclop condition when starting balance Balance as exclusive state is compatible with paused balance and device add, which makes some things more complicated. The assertion of valid states when starting from paused balance needs to take into account two more states, the combinations can be hit when there are several threads racing to start balance and device add. This won't typically happen when the commands are started from command line. Scenario 1: With exclusive_operation state == BTRFS_EXCLOP_NONE. Concurrently adding multiple devices to the same mount point and btrfs_exclop_finish executed finishes before assertion in btrfs_exclop_balance, exclusive_operation will changed to BTRFS_EXCLOP_NONE state which lead to assertion failed: fs_info->exclusive_operation == BTRFS_EXCLOP_BALANCE || fs_info->exclusive_operation == BTRFS_EXCLOP_DEV_ADD, in fs/btrfs/ioctl.c:456 Call Trace: <TASK> btrfs_exclop_balance+0x13c/0x310 ? memdup_user+0xab/0xc0 ? PTR_ERR+0x17/0x20 btrfs_ioctl_add_dev+0x2ee/0x320 btrfs_ioctl+0x9d5/0x10d0 ? btrfs_ioctl_encoded_write+0xb80/0xb80 __x64_sys_ioctl+0x197/0x210 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0xb0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd Scenario 2: With exclusive_operation state == BTRFS_EXCLOP_BALANCE_PAUSED. Concurrently adding multiple devices to the same mount point and btrfs_exclop_balance executed finish before the latter thread execute assertion in btrfs_exclop_balance, exclusive_operation will changed to BTRFS_EXCLOP_BALANCE_PAUSED state which lead to assertion failed: fs_info->exclusive_operation == BTRFS_EXCLOP_BALANCE || fs_info->exclusive_operation == BTRFS_EXCLOP_DEV_ADD || fs_info->exclusive_operation == BTRFS_EXCLOP_NONE, fs/btrfs/ioctl.c:458 Call Trace: <TASK> btrfs_exclop_balance+0x240/0x410 ? memdup_user+0xab/0xc0 ? PTR_ERR+0x17/0x20 btrfs_ioctl_add_dev+0x2ee/0x320 btrfs_ioctl+0x9d5/0x10d0 ? btrfs_ioctl_encoded_write+0xb80/0xb80 __x64_sys_ioctl+0x197/0x210 do_syscall_64+0x3c/0xb0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd An example of the failed assertion is below, which shows that the paused balance is also needed to be checked. root@syzkaller:/home/xsk# ./repro Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.611428][ T7970] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 0 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.613973][ T7971] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.615456][ T7972] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.617528][ T7973] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.618359][ T7974] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.622589][ T7975] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.624034][ T7976] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.626420][ T7977] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.627643][ T7978] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Failed to add device /dev/vda, errno 14 [ 416.629006][ T7979] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 [ 416.630298][ T7980] BTRFS info (device loop0): fs_info exclusive_operation: 3 Fai ---truncated---

Published Dec 24, 2025 · Updated Oct 13, 2026 · Sources: NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP · CNA: Linux

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.
How the score was calculated
  • EPSS 0.2% (30-day exploitation probability)+1

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation
Not confirmed
Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.
EPSS FIRST
0.2%
ahead of 9% of scored CVEs · Oct 14, 2026
Affects
Linux
Linux
CVSS base
—
Score not published yet.

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

No fix documented by the sources we poll. That does not mean none exists: check the vendor advisory.

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

  1. Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Linux Linux).
  2. No fix documented in the sources: reduce exposure and monitor the vendor advisory.
  3. Search available logs for exploit probes, errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

VendorProductVersionsStatusSource
Linux Linux ≥ a174c0a2e857081195db6888323802f0fae793ef and < 17eaeee4c5f24946aad0298d51f32981c3161d13≥ a174c0a2e857081195db6888323802f0fae793ef and < 7877dc1136ada770622d22041be306539902951b≥ a174c0a2e857081195db6888323802f0fae793ef and < 6062e9e335a3bf409b5118bfe4cc10aff4b6adb1≥ a174c0a2e857081195db6888323802f0fae793ef and < ac868bc9d136cde6e3eb5de77019a63d57a540ffversion 5.17 Vulnerable CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

EPSS over time FIRST

Oct 13, 2026 → Oct 14, 2026 · 2 reading(s) · max 0.20%

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

  • Not enough vector or weakness data: use the affected application’s logs as a starting point.
application logs

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

  • 2026
  • Record published
    Oct 13, 2026
  • Affected products added · linux/linux
    Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
  • Source status changed · → Deferred
    Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • Record created in this database
    Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • 2025
  • CVE published
    Dec 24, 2025 · Linux

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

  • 1× Official description updated · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026

References

4 on the record

Elsewhere on this site

Linux
every CVE for this vendor

Related CVEs (same products)

  • CVE-2026-99999 ipv4: validate checksum_start before completing checksum 11h
  • CVE-2026-98432 ipv4: free inet_opt and ireq_opt after an RCU grace period 11h
  • CVE-2026-98424 wifi: cfg80211: undo netns switch if renaming the wiphy fails 1d
  • CVE-2026-98425 wifi: mac80211: don't warn when an IBSS has no channel to scan 1d
  • CVE-2026-98426 wifi: mwifiex: fix IRQ leak using wrong index in MSI-X error path 1d
  • CVE-2026-98427 net/sched: codel: bound the dropping loop per dequeue call 1d

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

  • No CVSS score published by NVD, the CNA, CISA or GitHub so far.
  • No fixed version, patch or mitigation documented.
  • No CISA SSVC assessment.
  • No CWE classification.
  • No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
  • No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
  • No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2023-54002 is "btrfs: fix assertion of exclop condition when starting balance", rated Unknown. It affects Linux (Linux); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. EPSS 0.20% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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