CISA KEV Critical Authentication exploit reference

CVE-2025-0108 — Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

An authentication bypass in the Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to bypass the authentication otherwise required by the PAN-OS management web interface and invoke certain PHP scripts. While invoking these PHP scripts does not enable remote code execution, it can negatively impact integrity and confidentiality of PAN-OS. You can greatly reduce the risk of this issue by restricting access to the management web interface to only trusted internal IP addresses according to our recommended best practices deployment guidelines https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/community-blogs/tips-amp-tricks-how-to-secure-the-management-access-of-your-palo/ba-p/464431 . This issue does not affect Cloud NGFW or Prisma Access software.

Published Feb 12, 2025 · Updated Oct 13, 2026 · Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities, NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP, GitHub Security Advisories · CNA: palo_alto

Urgent

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

CISA KEV · Feb 18, 2025 Detection templates (Nuclei) · 1 Proofs of concept on GitHub · 7

How the score was calculated

Confirmed exploitation (CISA KEV)+35
Public exploit/PoC (nuclei, github)+10
EPSS 98.5% (30-day exploitation probability)+15
Technical severity (critical)+10
Automatable exploitation (SSVC)+3

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation

Confirmed

CISA KEV, listed Feb 18, 2025

EPSS FIRST

98.46%

ahead of 100% of scored CVEs · Oct 14, 2026

Affects

Palo Alto Networks

PAN-OS

CVSS base

9.1

Critical · 4 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation

Active

none · proof-of-concept · active

Automatable

Yes

can an attacker script the kill-chain steps

Technical impact

Partial

partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

No fix documented by the sources we poll. That does not mean none exists: check the vendor advisory.

CISA required action CISA

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

US federal deadline: Mar 11, 2025 — passed 583 day(s) ago

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS).
Treat as emergency remediation: the CVE is in CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).
The attack is network-based and needs no privileges: restrict exposure (ACLs, VPN, WAF) until patched.
No fix documented in the sources: reduce exposure and monitor the vendor advisory.
EPSS ahead of 100% of scored CVEs: prioritize it in the patch queue.
Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (authentication), errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

Vendor	Product	Versions	Status	Source
Palo Alto Networks	PAN-OS	version 11.1.5version 11.1.4-h12version 11.1.4-h2version 11.1.4-h3version 11.1.4-h4version 11.1.4-h5version 11.1.4-h6version 11.1.4-h7 and 143 more version 11.1.4-h8version 11.1.4-h9version 11.1.4-h11version 11.1.6version 11.2.4version 11.2.4-h1version 11.2.4-h2version 11.2.4-h3version 11.1.2-h5version 11.1.2-h12version 11.1.2-h13version 11.1.2-h14version 11.1.2-h15version 11.1.2-h16version 11.1.2-h17version 11.1.2-h2version 11.1.2-h3version 11.1.2-h4version 11.1.2-h11version 11.1.2-h6version 11.1.2-h7version 11.1.2-h8version 11.1.2-h9version 11.1.3version 11.1.4version 11.1.4-h1version 11.1.4-h10≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.14≥ 10.2.0 and < 10.2.7≥ 11.1.0 and < 11.1.2≥ 11.2.0 and < 11.2.4version 10.1.14version 10.1.14-h1version 10.1.14-h2version 10.1.14-h3version 10.1.14-h4version 10.1.14-h5version 10.1.14-h6version 10.1.14-h7version 10.1.14-h8version 10.2.7version 10.2.7-h1version 10.2.7-h10version 10.2.7-h11version 10.2.7-h12version 10.2.7-h13version 10.2.7-h14version 10.2.7-h15version 10.2.7-h16version 10.2.7-h17version 10.2.7-h18version 10.2.7-h19version 10.2.7-h2version 10.2.7-h20version 10.2.7-h21version 10.2.7-h22version 10.2.7-h23version 10.2.7-h3version 10.2.7-h4version 10.2.7-h5version 10.2.7-h6version 10.2.7-h7version 10.2.7-h8version 10.2.7-h9version 10.2.8version 10.2.8-h1version 10.2.8-h10version 10.2.8-h11version 10.2.8-h12version 10.2.8-h13version 10.2.8-h14version 10.2.8-h15version 10.2.8-h16version 10.2.8-h17version 10.2.8-h18version 10.2.8-h19version 10.2.8-h2version 10.2.8-h20version 10.2.8-h3version 10.2.8-h4version 10.2.8-h5version 10.2.8-h6version 10.2.8-h7version 10.2.8-h8version 10.2.8-h9version 10.2.9version 10.2.9-h1version 10.2.9-h11version 10.2.9-h12version 10.2.9-h13version 10.2.9-h14version 10.2.9-h15version 10.2.9-h16version 10.2.9-h17version 10.2.9-h18version 10.2.9-h19version 10.2.9-h2version 10.2.9-h20version 10.2.9-h3version 10.2.9-h4version 10.2.9-h5version 10.2.9-h6version 10.2.9-h7version 10.2.9-h8version 10.2.9-h9version 10.2.10version 10.2.10-h1version 10.2.10-h10version 10.2.10-h11version 10.2.10-h12version 10.2.10-h13version 10.2.10-h2version 10.2.10-h3version 10.2.10-h4version 10.2.10-h5version 10.2.10-h6version 10.2.10-h7version 10.2.10-h8version 10.2.10-h9version 10.2.11version 10.2.11-h1version 10.2.11-h10version 10.2.11-h11version 10.2.11-h2version 10.2.11-h3version 10.2.11-h4version 10.2.11-h5version 10.2.11-h6version 10.2.11-h7version 10.2.11-h8version 10.2.11-h9version 10.2.12version 10.2.12-h1version 10.2.12-h2version 10.2.12-h3version 10.2.12-h4version 10.2.12-h5version 10.2.13version 10.2.13-h1version 10.2.13-h2version 11.1.2version 11.1.2-h1version 11.1.2-h10	Vulnerable	NIST National Vulnerability Database
Palo Alto Networks	PAN-OS	≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.14-h9≥ 10.2.0 and < 10.2.7-h24≥ 11.1.0 and < 11.1.6-h1≥ 11.2.0 and < 11.2.4-h4	Vulnerable	CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector

Network

Attack complexity

Low

Privileges required

None

User interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

None

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

Score	Version	Severity	Expl.	Impact	Scored by
8.8	CVSS 4.0	High	—	—	psirt@paloaltonetworks.com via NIST National Vulnerability Database
8.8	CVSS 4.0	High	—	—	palo_alto via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
5.9	CVSS 4.0	Medium	—	—	palo_alto via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
9.1	CVSS 3.1	Critical	3.9	5.2	nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database
9.1	CVSS 3.1	Critical	—	—	GitHub, Inc. via GitHub Security Advisories

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N (score shown at the top: nvd@nist.gov)

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Other CVEs with this weakness →

CISA KEV details CISA

CISA lists a CVE once it has evidence of exploitation against real targets.

Listed

Feb 18, 2025

Federal deadline

Mar 11, 2025

passed 583 day(s) ago

Ransomware use

Unknown

CISA records ransomware use only for campaigns it has confirmed, so “Unknown” means unrecorded, not ruled out. The deadline binds US federal agencies; for everyone else it is a reference date.

Public exploits, PoCs and detection templates

Public code that demonstrates or tests the flaw raises the odds of mass exploitation — and Nuclei templates help find vulnerable assets in your environment.

Detection templates (Nuclei)

PAN-OS Management Interface - Path Confusion to Authentication Bypass

Proofs of concept on GitHub

Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS 身份验证绕过漏洞批量检测脚本(CVE-2025-0108) ★ 32 Feb 13, 2025
PoC exploit for CVE-2025-0108 - PAN-OS Authentication Bypass ★ 8 Feb 14, 2025
Detects an authentication bypass vulnerability in Palo Alto PAN-OS (CVE-2025-0108). ★ 2 Feb 18, 2025
NSE script that checks for CVE-2025-0108 vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS ★ 2 Feb 19, 2025
PAN-OS CVE POC SCRIPT ★ 1 Feb 19, 2025
barcrange/CVE-2025-0108-Authentication-Bypass-checker ★ 0 Feb 19, 2025
kso4more/CVE-2025-0108 ★ 0 Oct 25, 2025

Warning: public PoCs are sometimes disguised malware. Use them only for authorized testing in an isolated environment. This portal does not host exploit code — it only points to the sources.

EPSS over time FIRST

Oct 12, 2026 → Oct 14, 2026 · 3 reading(s) · max 98.46%

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).
Review authentication logs: logins without MFA, anomalous sessions and recently created accounts.
Hunt retroactively in logs from before Feb 18, 2025 (KEV listing): exploitation may have started earlier.

web/proxy/WAF logsnetwork IDS/IPSauthentication logs

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

2026
Affected products added · palo alto networks/pan-os
Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
SSVC assessment updated
Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Record published
Oct 13, 2026
Affected products added · paloaltonetworks/pan-os
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
CVSS changed · 9.1
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Source status changed · → Analyzed
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Added to CISA KEV (detected)
Oct 13, 2026 · CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
Record created in this database
Oct 13, 2026 · CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
2025
Added to CISA KEV catalog
Feb 17, 2025 · CISA
CVE published
Feb 12, 2025 · palo_alto

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

2× References added · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026
1× Official description updated · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026

References

14 on the record

security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-0108
Exploit, Vendor Advisory, vendor-advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
US Government Resource, NIST National Vulnerability Database
www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/palo-alto-networks-tags-new-firewall-bug-as-exploited-i
GitHub Security Advisories
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0108
GitHub Security Advisories
www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/palo-alto-networks-tags-new-firewall-bug-as-exploited-i
Press/Media Coverage, Third Party Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
www.securityweek.com/palo-alto-networks-confirms-exploitation-of-firewall-vulnerability/
Press/Media Coverage, Third Party Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
github.com/advisories/GHSA-hvqq-hwj3-c54m
GitHub Security Advisories
slcyber.io/blog/nginx-apache-path-confusion-to-auth-bypass-in-pan-os/
Exploit, Press/Media Coverage, NIST National Vulnerability Database
www.darkreading.com/remote-workforce/patch-now-cisa-researchers-warn-palo-alto-flaw-explo
Press/Media Coverage, Third Party Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
slcyber.io/blog/nginx-apache-path-confusion-to-auth-bypass-in-pan-os
GitHub Security Advisories
www.theregister.com/2025/02/19/palo_alto_firewall_attack
GitHub Security Advisories
github.com/iSee857/CVE-2025-0108-PoC
Exploit, Third Party Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
www.securityweek.com/palo-alto-networks-confirms-exploitation-of-firewall-vulnerability
GitHub Security Advisories
www.theregister.com/2025/02/19/palo_alto_firewall_attack/
Press/Media Coverage, Third Party Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database

Elsewhere on this site

Palo Alto Networks
every CVE for this vendor

2025-02
what else CISA listed that month

Authentication
same class

CWE-306
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

Medium CVE-2026-0320 PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability 23h
Medium CVE-2026-0318 PAN-OS: Denial of Service (DoS) on Panorama 23h
Medium CVE-2026-0319 PAN-OS: Improper Input Handling Vulnerability 23h
Low CVE-2026-0317 PAN-OS: Denial of Service Vulnerability 23h
Low CVE-2026-0316 PAN-OS: Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability 23h
Medium CVE-2026-0321 PAN-OS: Denial of Service (DoS) Vulnerabilities in Network Services 1d

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

No fixed version, patch or mitigation documented.
No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2025-0108 is "Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS Authentication Bypass Vulnerability", rated Critical. It affects PAN-OS (Palo Alto Networks); versions are in the scope table. It is in CISA KEV: there is evidence of real-world exploitation. CVSS 9.1 describes technical severity. EPSS 98.46% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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