CVE Intelligence
CISA KEV Medium

CVE-2025-0111 — Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS File Read Vulnerability

An authenticated file read vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an authenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to read files on the PAN-OS filesystem that are readable by the “nobody” user. You can greatly reduce the risk of this issue by restricting access to the management web interface to only trusted internal IP addresses according to our recommended best practices deployment guidelines https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/community-blogs/tips-amp-tricks-how-to-secure-the-management-access-of-your-palo/ba-p/464431 . This issue does not affect Cloud NGFW or Prisma Access software.

Published Feb 12, 2025 · Updated Oct 13, 2026 · Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities, NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP, GitHub Security Advisories · CNA: palo_alto

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

CISA KEV · Feb 20, 2025
How the score was calculated
  • Confirmed exploitation (CISA KEV)+35
  • EPSS 2% (30-day exploitation probability)+12
  • Technical severity (medium)+3

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation
Confirmed
CISA KEV, listed Feb 20, 2025
EPSS FIRST
2%
ahead of 80% of scored CVEs · Oct 14, 2026
Affects
Palo Alto Networks
PAN-OS
CVSS base
6.5
Medium · 4 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation
Active
none · proof-of-concept · active
Automatable
No
can an attacker script the kill-chain steps
Technical impact
Partial
partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

No fix documented by the sources we poll. That does not mean none exists: check the vendor advisory.

CISA required action CISA

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

US federal deadline: Mar 13, 2025 — passed 581 day(s) ago

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

  1. Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS).
  2. Treat as emergency remediation: the CVE is in CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).
  3. No fix documented in the sources: reduce exposure and monitor the vendor advisory.
  4. Search available logs for exploit probes, errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

VendorProductVersionsStatusSource
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS version 10.2.12-h3version 10.2.8-h4version 10.2.9version 10.2.9-h1version 10.2.9-h11version 10.2.9-h14version 10.2.9-h16version 10.2.9-h18
and 40 more version 10.2.9-h19version 10.2.9-h9version 10.2.12version 10.2.12-h1version 10.2.12-h2version 10.2.8-h3version 10.2.12-h4version 10.2.13version 10.2.13-h1version 10.2.13-h2version 11.1.6version 11.2.4version 11.2.4-h1version 11.2.4-h2version 10.2.7-h16≥ 10.2.0 and < 10.2.7≥ 10.2.10 and < 10.2.12≥ 11.0.0 and < 11.1.6≥ 11.2.0 and < 11.2.4version 10.1.14version 10.1.14-h2version 10.1.14-h4version 10.1.14-h6version 10.1.14-h8version 10.2.7version 10.2.7-h1version 10.2.7-h12≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.14version 10.2.7-h18version 10.2.7-h19version 10.2.7-h21version 10.2.7-h3version 10.2.7-h6version 10.2.7-h8version 10.2.8version 10.2.8-h10version 10.2.8-h13version 10.2.8-h15version 10.2.8-h18version 10.2.8-h19
Vulnerable NIST National Vulnerability Database
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS ≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.14-h9≥ 10.2.0 and < 10.2.7-h24≥ 11.1.0 and < 11.1.6-h1≥ 11.2.0 and < 11.2.4-h4 Vulnerable CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

ScoreVersionSeverityExpl.ImpactScored by
7.1 CVSS 4.0 High — — psirt@paloaltonetworks.com via NIST National Vulnerability Database
7.1 CVSS 4.0 High — — palo_alto via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
5.9 CVSS 4.0 Medium — — palo_alto via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
6.5 CVSS 3.1 Medium 2.8 3.6 nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database
6.5 CVSS 3.1 Medium — — GitHub, Inc. via GitHub Security Advisories
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N (score shown at the top: nvd@nist.gov)

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-610

Other CVEs with this weakness →

CISA KEV details CISA

CISA lists a CVE once it has evidence of exploitation against real targets.

Listed
Feb 20, 2025
Federal deadline
Mar 13, 2025
passed 581 day(s) ago
Ransomware use
Unknown

CISA records ransomware use only for campaigns it has confirmed, so “Unknown” means unrecorded, not ruled out. The deadline binds US federal agencies; for everyone else it is a reference date.

EPSS over time FIRST

Oct 12, 2026 → Oct 14, 2026 · 3 reading(s) · max 2.00%

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

  • Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).
  • Hunt retroactively in logs from before Feb 20, 2025 (KEV listing): exploitation may have started earlier.
web/proxy/WAF logsnetwork IDS/IPS

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

  • 2026
  • Affected products added · palo alto networks/pan-os
    Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
  • SSVC assessment updated
    Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
  • Record published
    Oct 13, 2026
  • Affected products added · paloaltonetworks/pan-os
    Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • CVSS changed · 6.5
    Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • Source status changed · → Analyzed
    Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • Added to CISA KEV (detected)
    Oct 13, 2026 · CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
  • Record created in this database
    Oct 13, 2026 · CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
  • 2025
  • Added to CISA KEV catalog
    Feb 19, 2025 · CISA
  • CVE published
    Feb 12, 2025 · palo_alto

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

  • 2× References added · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026
  • 1× Official description updated · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026

References

4 on the record

Elsewhere on this site

Palo Alto Networks
every CVE for this vendor
2025-02
what else CISA listed that month
CWE-610
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

  • CVE-2026-0320 PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability 1d
  • CVE-2026-0318 PAN-OS: Denial of Service (DoS) on Panorama 1d
  • CVE-2026-0319 PAN-OS: Improper Input Handling Vulnerability 1d
  • CVE-2026-0317 PAN-OS: Denial of Service Vulnerability 1d
  • CVE-2026-0316 PAN-OS: Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability 1d
  • CVE-2026-0321 PAN-OS: Denial of Service (DoS) Vulnerabilities in Network Services 1d

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

  • No fixed version, patch or mitigation documented.
  • No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
  • No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
  • No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2025-0111 is "Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS File Read Vulnerability", rated Medium. It affects PAN-OS (Palo Alto Networks); versions are in the scope table. It is in CISA KEV: there is evidence of real-world exploitation. CVSS 6.5 describes technical severity. EPSS 2.00% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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