Medium Access control

CVE-2025-11850 — Improper Implicit Association via User Store Initialization in WSO2 Identity Server [Identity Confusion / External IDP Use]

When secondary user stores are configured, the implicit-association resolver incorrectly initializes from a secondary user store and bypasses the primary user store during search and uniqueness checks. This allows a subject to be associated with an unintended local account if the same lookup claim (e.g., username or email) exists in both the primary and a secondary store. If duplicate claim values exist across user stores, this issue can lead to identity confusion due to incorrect implicit associations when using an external Identity Provider (IDP). Legitimate user accounts in the primary user store may fail to associate correctly with their corresponding external IDP accounts, potentially restricting access if the secondary account has fewer privileges. Deployments are not affected if no secondary user stores are configured, implicit association is disabled, or claim values are globally unique.

Published Aug 6, 2026 · Updated Oct 15, 2026 · Sources: NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP · CNA: WSO2

Low

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.

How the score was calculated

Technical severity (medium)+3

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation

Not confirmed

Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.

EPSS FIRST

—

No EPSS score.

Affects

WSO2

Identity Server

CVSS base

4.3

Medium · 2 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation

None

none · proof-of-concept · active

Automatable

can an attacker script the kill-chain steps

Technical impact

Partial

partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

No fix documented by the sources we poll. That does not mean none exists: check the vendor advisory.

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (WSO2 Identity Server).
The attack is network-based and needs no privileges: restrict exposure (ACLs, VPN, WAF) until patched.
No fix documented in the sources: reduce exposure and monitor the vendor advisory.
Exploitation requires user interaction: tighten email/web filtering and warn affected users.
Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (access control), errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

Vendor	Product	Versions	Status	Source
WSO2	Identity Server	≥ 7.0.0 and < 7.0.0.132≥ 7.1.0 and < 7.1.0.40	Vulnerable	NIST National Vulnerability Database
WSO2	Identity Server	≥ 7.0.0 and < 7.0.0.132≥ 7.1.0 and < 7.1.0.40	Vulnerable	CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector

Network

Attack complexity

Low

Privileges required

None

User interaction

Required

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

None

Availability

Low

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

Score	Version	Severity	Expl.	Impact	Scored by
4.3	CVSS 3.1	Medium	2.8	1.4	ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8 via NIST National Vulnerability Database
4.3	CVSS 3.1	Medium	—	—	WSO2 via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L (score shown at the top: ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8)

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-639 · Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (IDOR)

Other CVEs with this weakness →

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).
Audit administrative actions and access to resources outside each user’s normal pattern.

web/proxy/WAF logsnetwork IDS/IPSauthentication logsapplication logs

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

2026
Affected products added · wso2/wso2 identity server
Oct 15, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
SSVC assessment updated
Oct 15, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Record published
Oct 15, 2026
CVSS changed · 4.3
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Source status changed · → Analyzed
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Record created in this database
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
CVE published
Aug 6, 2026 · WSO2

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

1× Official description updated · Oct 15, 2026 – Oct 15, 2026

References

1 on the record

security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4
Vendor Advisory, vendor-advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database

Elsewhere on this site

WSO2
every CVE for this vendor

Access control
same class

CWE-639
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

Medium CVE-2024-8122 Potential brute force vulnerability due to non-expiring SMS OTPs 8d
Medium CVE-2025-5802 Username Enumeration via Self Registration Flow in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows User Account Discovery Sep 15, 2026
Low CVE-2025-13166 Username Enumeration via SMS OTP Flow in WSO2 Identity Server Allows User Account Discovery Sep 15, 2026
High CVE-2025-12737 Arbitrary Code Execution via Administrative Operations in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Remote Code Execution Sep 3, 2026
Medium CVE-2025-12317 Improper Token Revocation via SOAP Services in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Retained Access Privileges Aug 6, 2026
Critical CVE-2025-15039 Account Takeover via Conditional Authentication Script Logic in Multiple WSO2 Products Aug 6, 2026

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

No FIRST EPSS score.
No fixed version, patch or mitigation documented.
No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2025-11850 is "Improper Implicit Association via User Store Initialization in WSO2 Identity Server [Identity Confusion / External IDP Use]", rated Medium. It affects Identity Server (WSO2); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 4.3 describes technical severity. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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