CVE Intelligence
High Cryptography

CVE-2025-12943 — Improper certificate validation in firmware update logic in NETGEAR RAX30 and RAXE300

Improper certificate validation in firmware update logic in NETGEAR RAX30 (Nighthawk AX5 5-Stream AX2400 WiFi 6 Router) and RAXE300 (Nighthawk AXE7800 Tri-Band WiFi 6E Router) allows attackers with the ability to intercept and tamper traffic destined to the device to execute arbitrary commands on the device. Devices with automatic updates enabled may already have this patch applied. If not, please check the firmware version and update to the latest. Fixed in: RAX30 firmware 1.0.14.108 or later. RAXE300 firmware 1.0.9.82 or later

Published Nov 11, 2025 · Updated Oct 13, 2026 · Sources: NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP · CNA: NETGEAR

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.
How the score was calculated
  • EPSS 0.2% (30-day exploitation probability)+1
  • Technical severity (high)+6

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation
Not confirmed
Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.
EPSS FIRST
0.17%
ahead of 6% of scored CVEs · Oct 14, 2026
Affects
NETGEAR
RAX30 and 3 more
CVSS base
7.5
High · 3 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation
None
none · proof-of-concept · active
Automatable
No
can an attacker script the kill-chain steps
Technical impact
Total
partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

No fix documented by the sources we poll. That does not mean none exists: check the vendor advisory.

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

  1. Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (NETGEAR RAX30, Netgear Rax30 Firmware, NETGEAR RAXE300…).
  2. No fix documented in the sources: reduce exposure and monitor the vendor advisory.
  3. Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (cryptography), errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

VendorProductVersionsStatusSource
NETGEAR RAX30 < 1.0.10.95 Vulnerable CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Netgear Rax30 Firmware < 1.0.14.108 Vulnerable NIST National Vulnerability Database
NETGEAR RAXE300 < 1.0.9.82 Vulnerable CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Netgear Raxe300 Firmware < 1.0.9.82 Vulnerable NIST National Vulnerability Database

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector
Adjacent
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

ScoreVersionSeverityExpl.ImpactScored by
5.2 CVSS 4.0 Medium — — a2826606-91e7-4eb6-899e-8484bd4575d5 via NIST National Vulnerability Database
5.2 CVSS 4.0 Medium — — NETGEAR via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
7.5 CVSS 3.1 High 1.6 5.9 nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (score shown at the top: nvd@nist.gov)

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-295 · Improper Certificate Validation

Other CVEs with this weakness →

EPSS over time FIRST

Oct 13, 2026 → Oct 14, 2026 · 2 reading(s) · max 0.17%

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

  • Check TLS negotiations and unexpected certificates in the component’s traffic.
network IDS/IPS

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

  • 2026
  • Affected products added · netgear/rax30, netgear/raxe300
    Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
  • SSVC assessment updated
    Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
  • Record published
    Oct 13, 2026
  • CVSS changed · 7.5
    Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • Source status changed · → Analyzed
    Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • Record created in this database
    Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • 2025
  • CVE published
    Nov 11, 2025 · NETGEAR

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

  • 1× Official description updated · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026

References

3 on the record

Elsewhere on this site

NETGEAR
every CVE for this vendor
Cryptography
same class
CWE-295
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

  • CVE-2026-11731 Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Certain NETGEAR RAX Series Models 2d
  • CVE-2026-11732 An insufficient input validation vulnerability in the website blocking feature (Block Sites) of... 2d
  • CVE-2026-9216 Insufficient input validation vulnerability exists in certain NETGEAR RAX Models Sep 8, 2026
  • CVE-2026-9211 Certain NETGEAR routers allow unauthenticated users to gain control of the router Jun 9, 2026

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

  • No fixed version, patch or mitigation documented.
  • No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
  • No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
  • No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2025-12943 is "Improper certificate validation in firmware update logic in NETGEAR RAX30 and RAXE300", rated High. It affects RAX30 (NETGEAR); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 7.5 describes technical severity. EPSS 0.17% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

Comments

Moderated technical discussion. Read the community guidelines.

No comments yet.

Sign in or create an account to comment and suggest corrections.