CVE-2025-12946 — Improper input validation in NETGEAR Nighthawk routers
A vulnerability in the speedtest feature of affected NETGEAR Nighthawk routers, caused by improper input validation, can allow attackers on the router's WAN side, using attacker-in-the-middle techniques (MiTM) to manipulate DNS responses and execute commands when speedtests are run. This issue affects RS700: through 1.0.7.82; RAX54Sv2 : before V1.1.6.36; RAX41v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX50: before V1.2.14.114; RAXE500: before V1.2.14.114; RAX41: before V1.0.17.142; RAX43: before V1.0.17.142; RAX35v2: before V1.0.17.142; RAXE450: before V1.2.14.114; RAX43v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX42: before V1.0.17.142; RAX45: before V1.0.17.142; RAX50v2: before V1.1.6.36; MR90: before V1.0.2.46; MS90: before V1.0.2.46; RAX42v2: before V1.1.6.36; RAX49S: before V1.1.6.36.
Who exploits it and how urgent it is
A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.
How the score was calculated
- EPSS 0.3% (30-day exploitation probability)+3
- Technical severity (high)+6
The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).
Triage
Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.
CISA SSVC assessment CISA
Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.
Remediation
Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.
- Documented patch — kb.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
- Documented patch — www.netgear.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
First 24 hours
Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.
- Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (NETGEAR MR90, Netgear Mr90 Firmware, NETGEAR MS90…).
- Apply the fixed version or the patch documented under Remediation.
- Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (input validation), errors and authentication anomalies.
Affected scope
Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NETGEAR | MR90 | < V1.0.2.46 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Mr90 Firmware | < 1.0.2.46 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | MS90 | < V1.0.2.46 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Ms90 Firmware | < 1.0.2.46 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX35v2 | < V1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax35v2 Firmware | < 1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX41 | < V1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax41 Firmware | < 1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX41v2 | < V1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax41v2 Firmware | < 1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX42 | < V1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax42 Firmware | < 1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX42v2 | < V1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax42v2 Firmware | < 1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX43 | < V1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax43 Firmware | < 1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX43v2 | < V1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax43v2 Firmware | < 1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX45 | < V1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax45 Firmware | < 1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| Netgear | Rax45v2 Firmware | < 1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX49S | < V1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax49s Firmware | < 1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX50 | < V1.2.14.114 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax50 Firmware | < 1.2.14.114 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX50v2 | < V1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax50v2 Firmware | < 1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAX54Sv2 | < V1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rax54sv2 Firmware | < 1.1.6.36 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAXE450 | < V1.2.14.114 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Raxe450 Firmware | < 1.0.17.142 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RAXE500 | < V1.2.14.114 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Raxe500 Firmware | < 1.2.14.114 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| NETGEAR | RS700 | ≤ 1.0.7.82 | Vulnerable | CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| Netgear | Rs700 Firmware | < 1.0.9.6 | Vulnerable | NIST National Vulnerability Database |
Attack characteristics
The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.
Every base score collected
Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.
| Score | Version | Severity | Expl. | Impact | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.4 | CVSS 4.0 | Medium | — | — | a2826606-91e7-4eb6-899e-8484bd4575d5 via NIST National Vulnerability Database |
| 4.4 | CVSS 4.0 | Medium | — | — | NETGEAR via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP |
| 7.5 | CVSS 3.1 | High | 1.6 | 5.9 | nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database |
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (score shown at the top: nvd@nist.gov) Weakness MITRE
Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.
EPSS over time FIRST
Oct 13, 2026 → Oct 14, 2026 · 2 reading(s) · max 0.29%
Detection
Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.
- Not enough vector or weakness data: use the affected application’s logs as a starting point.
Timeline
What happened to this CVE, newest first.
- 2026
- Affected products added · netgear/rs700, netgear/rax54sv2, netgear/rax41v2, netgear/rax50, netgear/raxe500, netgear/rax41, netgear/rax43, netgear/
- SSVC assessment updated
- Record published
- Fix documented
- CVSS changed · 7.5
- Source status changed · → Analyzed
- Record created in this database
- 2025
- CVE published
Source activity
Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.
- 1× Official description updated · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026
References
18 on the record
- www.netgear.com/support/product/mr90
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax35v2
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rs700
- kb.netgear.com/000070416/December-2025-NETGEAR-Security-Advisory
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax42v2
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax43v2
- www.netgear.com/support/product/ms90
- www.netgear.com/support/product/raxe450
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax41
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax41v2
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax45
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax43
- www.netgear.com/support/product/raxe500
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax54sv2
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax49s
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax50v2
- www.netgear.com/support/product/RAX50
- www.netgear.com/support/product/rax42
Elsewhere on this site
Related CVEs (same products)
- Medium CVE-2026-9210 Certain NETGEAR routers allow authenticated administrators to gain unintended control of the router Jun 9, 2026
- High CVE-2026-9213 Insufficient input validation in certain NETGEAR routers Jun 9, 2026
- Medium CVE-2026-0418 Certain NETGEAR devices allow administrators to tamper with system Jun 9, 2026
- Medium CVE-2026-0417 Insufficient input validation in certain NETGEAR routers Jun 9, 2026
- Medium CVE-2026-0416 Improper input validation in certain NETGEAR routers allows unauthorized modification of protected router functionality Jun 9, 2026
- Medium CVE-2026-0410 Insufficient input validation in certain NETGEAR routers Jun 9, 2026
Not in any source we poll
Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.
- No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
- No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
- No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.
Answered from this record
Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.
What should defenders know first?
CVE-2025-12946 is "Improper input validation in NETGEAR Nighthawk routers", rated High. It affects MR90 (NETGEAR); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 7.5 describes technical severity. EPSS 0.29% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.
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