CVE-2025-32433 — Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

• Documented patch — github.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
• Documented patch — github.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
• Documented patch — github.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)

CISA required action CISA

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

US federal deadline: Jun 30, 2025 — passed 473 day(s) ago

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

1. Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Cisco Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway, Cisco Confd Basic, Cisco Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software…).
2. Treat as emergency remediation: the CVE is in CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).
3. The attack is network-based and needs no privileges: restrict exposure (ACLs, VPN, WAF) until patched.
4. Apply the fixed version or the patch documented under Remediation.
5. EPSS ahead of 100% of scored CVEs: prioritize it in the patch queue.
6. Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (authentication), errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Other CVEs with this weakness →

CISA KEV details CISA

CISA lists a CVE once it has evidence of exploitation against real targets.

CISA records ransomware use only for campaigns it has confirmed, so “Unknown” means unrecorded, not ruled out. The deadline binds US federal agencies; for everyone else it is a reference date.

Public exploits, PoCs and detection templates

Public code that demonstrates or tests the flaw raises the odds of mass exploitation — and Nuclei templates help find vulnerable assets in your environment.

Warning: public PoCs are sometimes disguised malware. Use them only for authorized testing in an isolated environment. This portal does not host exploit code — it only points to the sources.

EPSS over time FIRST

Oct 12, 2026 → Oct 15, 2026 · 4 reading(s) · max 98.79%

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

• Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).
• Review authentication logs: logins without MFA, anomalous sessions and recently created accounts.
• Hunt retroactively in logs from before Jun 9, 2025 (KEV listing): exploitation may have started earlier.

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

• 2026
• Affected products added · erlang/otp
  Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
• SSVC assessment updated
  Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
• Record published
  Oct 13, 2026
• Fix documented
  Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
• Affected products added · erlang/erlang/otp, cisco/confd basic, cisco/network services orchestrator, cisco/cloud native broadband network gateway,
  Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
• CVSS changed · 10.0
  Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
• Source status changed · → Analyzed
  Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
• Added to CISA KEV (detected)
  Oct 13, 2026 · CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
• Record created in this database
  Oct 13, 2026 · CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
• 2025
• Added to CISA KEV catalog
  Jun 8, 2025 · CISA
• CVE published
  Apr 16, 2025 · GitHub_M

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

• 1× References added · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026
• 1× Official description updated · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026

References

14 on the record

• github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2
  Vendor Advisory, x_refsource_CONFIRM, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f
  Patch, x_refsource_MISC, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12
  Patch, x_refsource_MISC, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891
  Patch, x_refsource_MISC, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
  US Government Resource, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1
  Mailing List, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6
  Mailing List, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2
  Mailing List, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/
  Third Party Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html
  Third Party Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2
  Mailing List, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1
  Mailing List, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py
  Exploit, NIST National Vulnerability Database
• sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh
  Third Party Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database

Elsewhere on this site

Related CVEs (same products)

• Medium CVE-2026-96596 erl_tar:extract/2 loops forever on a GNU sparse member with a trailing hole 1d
• High CVE-2026-94200 TLS 1.3 client ticket store crashed by NewSessionTicket with empty early_data extension in ssl 1d
• Medium CVE-2026-105236 TLS 1.2 session resumption in ssl crosses SNI virtual-host client-certificate trust boundaries 1d
• High CVE-2026-68956 SSH daemon allocates unbounded idle session channels, bypassing max_channels 24d
• High CVE-2026-65634 Superlinear CPU denial of service in Erlang/OTP ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder 24d
• Critical CVE-2026-89422 TLS 1.3 client skips server authentication when ServerHello carries an unsolicited pre_shared_key extension 24d

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

• No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
• No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
• No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2025-32433 is "Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability", rated Critical. It affects Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway (Cisco); versions are in the scope table. It is in CISA KEV: there is evidence of real-world exploitation. CVSS 10.0 describes technical severity. EPSS 98.79% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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