CVE Intelligence
Medium

CVE-2025-57752 — Next.js Affected by Cache Key Confusion for Image Optimization API Routes

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In versions before 14.2.31 and from 15.0.0 to before 15.4.5, Next.js Image Optimization API routes are affected by cache key confusion. When images returned from API routes vary based on request headers (such as Cookie or Authorization), these responses could be incorrectly cached and served to unauthorized users due to a cache key confusion bug. This vulnerability has been fixed in Next.js versions 14.2.31 and 15.4.5. All users are encouraged to upgrade if they use API routes to serve images that depend on request headers and have image optimization enabled.

Published Aug 29, 2025 · Updated Oct 18, 2026 · Sources: NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP, GitHub Security Advisories · CNA: GitHub_M

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.
How the score was calculated
  • EPSS 0.3% (30-day exploitation probability)+4
  • Technical severity (medium)+3

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation
Not confirmed
Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.
EPSS FIRST
0.35%
ahead of 27% of scored CVEs · Oct 18, 2026
Affects
Vercel
Next.js and 1 more
CVSS base
6.2
Medium · 3 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation
None
none · proof-of-concept · active
Automatable
No
can an attacker script the kill-chain steps
Technical impact
Partial
partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

  • Documented patch — github.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
  • Documented patch — github.com (NIST National Vulnerability Database)
  • Npm Next: fixed in version 15.4.5 — github.com (GitHub Security Advisories)
  • Npm Next: fixed in version 14.2.31 — github.com (GitHub Security Advisories)

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

  1. Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Vercel Next.js, Npm Next).
  2. Apply the fixed version or the patch documented under Remediation.
  3. Search available logs for exploit probes, errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

VendorProductVersionsStatusSource
Vercel Next.js < 14.2.31≥ 15.0.0 and < 15.4.5 Vulnerable NIST National Vulnerability Database
Vercel Next.js version >= 15.0.0, < 15.4.5version < 14.2.31 Vulnerable CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Npm Next ≥ 15.0.0 and ≤ 15.4.4≥ 0.9.9 and < 14.2.31 Vulnerable GitHub Security Advisories

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

ScoreVersionSeverityExpl.ImpactScored by
6.2 CVSS 3.1 Medium 2.5 3.6 security-advisories@github.com via NIST National Vulnerability Database
6.2 CVSS 3.1 Medium — — GitHub, Inc. via GitHub Security Advisories
6.2 CVSS 3.1 Medium — — GitHub_M via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N (score shown at the top: security-advisories@github.com)

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-524

Other CVEs with this weakness →

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

  • Local/physical vector: focus on endpoint telemetry (EDR) from affected hosts.
endpoint telemetry (EDR)

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

  • 2026
  • Fix documented
    Oct 18, 2026 · GitHub Security Advisories
  • Affected products added · npm/next
    Oct 18, 2026 · GitHub Security Advisories
  • Affected products added · vercel/next.js
    Oct 18, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
  • SSVC assessment updated
    Oct 18, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
  • Record published
    Oct 18, 2026
  • Fix documented
    Oct 18, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • Affected products added · vercel/next.js
    Oct 18, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • CVSS changed · 6.2
    Oct 18, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • Source status changed · → Analyzed
    Oct 18, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
  • Record created in this database
    Oct 18, 2026 · Alertas do Telegram
  • 2025
  • CVE published
    Aug 29, 2025 · GitHub_M

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

  • 2× References added · Oct 18, 2026 – Oct 18, 2026
  • 1× Official description updated · Oct 18, 2026 – Oct 18, 2026

References

6 on the record

Elsewhere on this site

Vercel
every CVE for this vendor
CWE-524
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

  • CVE-2026-94544 Next.js: Pending `use cache` fill can leak Draft Mode content into regular responses and persisted pages 16d
  • CVE-2026-94543 Next.js: Cache poisoning of SSG and ISR pages in self-hosted Next.js applications 16d
  • CVE-2026-94486 Next.js: Information disclosure in the Next.js development server's Model Context Protocol endpoint 16d
  • CVE-2026-94484 Next.js: Cache poisoning in Next.js SSG/ISR rendering leads to cross-user content substitution and persistent denial of service 16d
  • CVE-2026-94485 Next.js: Information disclosure in Next.js App Router metadata image routes via dynamicParams bypass 16d
  • CVE-2026-94483 Next.js: Server-Side Request Forgery in Image Optimization 16d

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

  • No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
  • No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
  • No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2025-57752 is "Next.js Affected by Cache Key Confusion for Image Optimization API Routes", rated Medium. It affects Next.js (Vercel); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 6.2 describes technical severity. EPSS 0.35% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

Comments

Moderated technical discussion. Read the community guidelines.

No comments yet.

Sign in or create an account to comment and suggest corrections.