High Input validation exploit reference

CVE-2025-69232 — free5GC hasProtocol Compliance Violation in UPF Leading to SMF Service Disruption

free5GC is an open-source project for 5th generation (5G) mobile core networks. free5GC go-upf versions up to and including 1.2.6, corresponding to free5gc smf up to and including 1.4.0, have an Improper Input Validation and Protocol Compliance vulnerability leading to Denial of Service. Remote attackers can disrupt core network functionality by sending a malformed PFCP Association Setup Request. The UPF incorrectly accepts it, entering an inconsistent state that causes subsequent legitimate requests to trigger SMF reconnection loops and service degradation. All deployments of free5GC using the UPF and SMF components may be affected. As of time of publication, a fix is in development but not yet available. No direct workaround is available at the application level. Applying the official patch, once released, is recommended.

Published Feb 23, 2026 · Updated Oct 13, 2026 · Sources: NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP · CNA: GitHub_M

Low

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.

How the score was calculated

EPSS 0.4% (30-day exploitation probability)+4
Technical severity (high)+6
Automatable exploitation (SSVC)+3

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation

Not confirmed

Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.

EPSS FIRST

0.38%

ahead of 30% of scored CVEs · Oct 14, 2026

Affects

Free5gc

Go-upf and 1 more

CVSS base

7.5

High · 3 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation

None

none · proof-of-concept · active

Automatable

Yes

can an attacker script the kill-chain steps

Technical impact

Partial

partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

No fix documented by the sources we poll. That does not mean none exists: check the vendor advisory.

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Free5gc Go-upf, Free5gc Smf).
The attack is network-based and needs no privileges: restrict exposure (ACLs, VPN, WAF) until patched.
No fix documented in the sources: reduce exposure and monitor the vendor advisory.
Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (input validation), errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

Vendor	Product	Versions	Status	Source
Free5gc	Go-upf	≤ 1.2.6	Vulnerable	NIST National Vulnerability Database
Free5gc	Go-upf	version <= 1.2.6	Vulnerable	CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Free5gc	Smf	≤ 1.4.0	Vulnerable	NIST National Vulnerability Database
Free5gc	Smf	version <= 1.4.0	Vulnerable	CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector

Network

Attack complexity

Low

Privileges required

None

User interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

None

Availability

High

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

Score	Version	Severity	Expl.	Impact	Scored by
2.7	CVSS 4.0	Low	—	—	security-advisories@github.com via NIST National Vulnerability Database
2.7	CVSS 4.0	Low	—	—	GitHub_M via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
7.5	CVSS 3.1	High	3.9	3.6	nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H (score shown at the top: nvd@nist.gov)

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-20 · Improper Input Validation

Other CVEs with this weakness →

EPSS over time FIRST

Oct 13, 2026 → Oct 14, 2026 · 2 reading(s) · max 0.38%

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).

web/proxy/WAF logsnetwork IDS/IPS

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

2026
Affected products added · free5gc/go-upf, free5gc/smf
Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
SSVC assessment updated
Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Record published
Oct 13, 2026
CVSS changed · 7.5
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Source status changed · → Analyzed
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Record created in this database
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
CVE published
Feb 23, 2026 · GitHub_M

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

1× Official description updated · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026

References

2 on the record

github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-8m42-qw58-8362
Vendor Advisory, x_refsource_CONFIRM, NIST National Vulnerability Database
github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/745
Exploit, Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory, x_refsource_MISC, NIST National Vulnerability Database

Elsewhere on this site

Free5gc
every CVE for this vendor

Input validation
same class

CWE-20
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

High CVE-2026-26024 free5GC SMF crash (nil pointer dereference) on PFCP SessionReportRequest when ReportType.USAR=1 and UsageReport omits mandatory URRID sub-IE Feb 23, 2026
High CVE-2026-26025 free5GC SMF crash (nil pointer dereference) on PFCP SessionReportRequest when ReportType.USAR=1 and UsageReport omits mandatory URRID sub-IE Feb 23, 2026
High CVE-2026-25501 free5GC SMF crash (nil pointer dereference) on PFCP SessionReportRequest when ReportType.DLDR is set but DownlinkDataReport IE is missing Feb 23, 2026
High CVE-2025-69247 free5GC has Heap Buffer Overflow in UPF Leading to Denial of Service Feb 23, 2026
High CVE-2026-1684 Free5GC SMF PFCP UDP Endpoint pfcp_reports.go HandleReports denial of service Jan 30, 2026
High CVE-2026-1682 Free5GC SMF PFCP UDP Endpoint handler.go HandlePfcpAssociationReleaseRequest null pointer dereference Jan 30, 2026

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

No fixed version, patch or mitigation documented.
No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2025-69232 is "free5GC hasProtocol Compliance Violation in UPF Leading to SMF Service Disruption", rated High. It affects Go-upf (Free5gc); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 7.5 describes technical severity. EPSS 0.38% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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