Medium

CVE-2026-102580 — Moodle: arbitrary class instantiation via report builder audience classname

A flaw was found in Moodle. An authenticated attacker can supply an improperly validated audience class name to the Report Builder component, allowing arbitrary class instantiation. This vulnerability enables the unauthorized creation of internal program objects, which may result in unexpected application behavior.

Published Sep 30, 2026 · Updated Oct 16, 2026 · Sources: NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP · CNA: fedora

Low

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.

How the score was calculated

EPSS 0.2% (30-day exploitation probability)+2
Technical severity (medium)+3

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation

Not confirmed

Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.

EPSS FIRST

0.24%

ahead of 13% of scored CVEs · Oct 15, 2026

Affects

Moodle

CVSS base

4.3

Medium · 3 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation

None

none · proof-of-concept · active

Automatable

can an attacker script the kill-chain steps

Technical impact

Partial

partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

Documented patch — git.moodle.org (NIST National Vulnerability Database)

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Moodle Moodle).
Apply the fixed version or the patch documented under Remediation.
Search available logs for exploit probes, errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

Vendor	Product	Versions	Status	Source
Moodle	Moodle	< 4.5.13≥ 5.0.0 and < 5.0.9≥ 5.1.0 and < 5.1.6≥ 5.2.0 and < 5.2.2	Vulnerable	NIST National Vulnerability Database

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector

Network

Attack complexity

Low

Privileges required

Low

User interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

Low

Availability

None

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

Score	Version	Severity	Expl.	Impact	Scored by
4.3	CVSS 3.1	Medium	2.8	1.4	nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database
2.2	CVSS 3.1	Low	0.7	1.4	patrick@puiterwijk.org via NIST National Vulnerability Database
2.2	CVSS 3.1	Low	—	—	fedora via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N (score shown at the top: nvd@nist.gov)

Scoring entities (NIST, CNA, ADP) score independently; each score is shown with its origin. For prioritization we use 4.3 (NVD (NIST)) as a conservative provisional reference — not a definitive official score.

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-470

Other CVEs with this weakness →

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).

web/proxy/WAF logsnetwork IDS/IPS

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

2026
SSVC assessment updated
Oct 16, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Record published
Oct 15, 2026
Fix documented
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
CVSS changed · 4.3
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Source status changed · → Analyzed
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Record created in this database
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
CVE published
Sep 30, 2026 · fedora

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

1× Official description updated · Oct 15, 2026 – Oct 15, 2026

References

4 on the record

moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php
Vendor Advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
git.moodle.org/gw
Patch, NIST National Vulnerability Database
access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-102580
Third Party Advisory, vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT, NIST National Vulnerability Database
bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi
Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory, issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT, NIST National Vulnerability Database

Elsewhere on this site

Moodle
every CVE for this vendor

CWE-470
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

Medium CVE-2026-102588 Moodle: csrf in xml grade import 15d
Low CVE-2026-102587 Moodle: user list filters bypass profile field visibility 15d
Low CVE-2026-102583 Moodle: incorrect capability check in ai generate image web service 15d
Medium CVE-2026-102584 Moodle: missing capability check allows unauthorised grade penalty recalculation 15d
Medium CVE-2026-102582 Moodle: manual enrolment page accessible when plugin disabled 15d
Medium CVE-2026-102581 Moodle: xss in forum post templates due to insufficient escaping 15d

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2026-102580 is "Moodle: arbitrary class instantiation via report builder audience classname", rated Medium. It affects Moodle (Moodle); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 4.3 describes technical severity. EPSS 0.24% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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