Medium Denial of service

CVE-2026-54786 — Wasmtime: Leak in WASIp1 `fd_renumber` implementation

Wasmtime is a runtime for WebAssembly. All versions prior to 24.0.10; versions 25.0.0 through those before 36.0.11; versions 37.0.0 through those before 44.0.3; and versions 45.0.0 and 45.0.1 contain a native implementation of WASIp1 which suffers from a leak in the fd_renumber function where the file descriptor being renumbered to is not properly closed. Wasmtime's implementation erroneously only updated the table of descriptors for WASIp1 and didn't update the underlying table of descriptors used by the host. This behavior means that while fd_renumber works correctly from a guest's perspective it ends up leaking resources in the host that aren't cleaned up until the corresponding Store is destroyed. In a loop, guests can use fd_renumber to cause hosts to exhaust both resources and file descriptors. This bug only affects the native implementation of WASIp1, meaning that only runtimes which load core wasm modules and expose fd_renumber are affected. Runtimes are additionally only affected if they expose the ability to acquire a file descriptor, such as opening a file. For runtimes that deny access to files they are unaffected. This issue has been fixed in versions 24.0.10, 36.0.11, 44.0.3, and 45.0.2.

Published Jul 1, 2026 · Updated Oct 15, 2026 · Sources: NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP · CNA: GitHub_M

Low

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.

How the score was calculated

Technical severity (medium)+3

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation

Not confirmed

Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.

EPSS FIRST

—

No EPSS score.

Affects

Bytecodealliance

Wasmtime

CVSS base

5.0

Medium · 3 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation

None

none · proof-of-concept · active

Automatable

can an attacker script the kill-chain steps

Technical impact

Partial

partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

No fix documented by the sources we poll. That does not mean none exists: check the vendor advisory.

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Bytecodealliance Wasmtime).
No fix documented in the sources: reduce exposure and monitor the vendor advisory.
Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (denial of service), errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

Vendor	Product	Versions	Status	Source
Bytecodealliance	Wasmtime	< 24.0.10≥ 25.0.0 and < 36.0.11≥ 37.0.0 and < 44.0.3≥ 45.0.0 and < 45.0.2	Vulnerable	NIST National Vulnerability Database
Bytecodealliance	Wasmtime	version < 24.0.10version >= 25.0.0, < 36.0.11version >= 37.0.0, < 44.0.3version >= 45.0.0, < 45.0.2	Vulnerable	CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector

Network

Attack complexity

Low

Privileges required

Low

User interaction

None

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

None

Availability

Low

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

Score	Version	Severity	Expl.	Impact	Scored by
2.3	CVSS 4.0	Low	—	—	security-advisories@github.com via NIST National Vulnerability Database
2.3	CVSS 4.0	Low	—	—	GitHub_M via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
5.0	CVSS 3.1	Medium	3.1	1.4	nvd@nist.gov via NIST National Vulnerability Database

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L (score shown at the top: nvd@nist.gov)

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Other CVEs with this weakness →

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).
Track CPU/memory spikes and availability drops correlated with request patterns.

web/proxy/WAF logsnetwork IDS/IPSresource metrics

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

2026
Affected products added · bytecodealliance/wasmtime
Oct 15, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
SSVC assessment updated
Oct 15, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Record published
Oct 15, 2026
CVSS changed · 5.0
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Source status changed · → Analyzed
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Record created in this database
Oct 15, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
CVE published
Jul 1, 2026 · GitHub_M

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

1× Official description updated · Oct 15, 2026 – Oct 15, 2026

References

1 on the record

github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/security/advisories/GHSA-3p27-qvp9-27qf
Vendor Advisory, x_refsource_CONFIRM, NIST National Vulnerability Database

Elsewhere on this site

Bytecodealliance
every CVE for this vendor

Denial of service
same class

CWE-400
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

Low CVE-2026-104855 Wasmtime: Preemption and traps during bulk operations enable breaking internal VM state 13d
Medium CVE-2026-58494 Wasmtime: WASI hard links bypass wasmtime-wasi's FilePerms for destination Jul 8, 2026
High CVE-2026-47261 Wasmtime: WASI path_open(TRUNCATE) bypasses `FilePerms::WRITE` host restriction Jun 15, 2026
High CVE-2026-44216 Wasmtime: Panic when allocating a table exceeding the size of the host's address space May 14, 2026
Medium CVE-2026-34988 Wasmtime leaks data between pooling allocator instances Apr 9, 2026
Medium CVE-2026-35195 Wasmtime has an out-of-bounds write or crash when transcoding component model strings Apr 9, 2026

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

No FIRST EPSS score.
No fixed version, patch or mitigation documented.
No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2026-54786 is "Wasmtime: Leak in WASIp1 `fd_renumber` implementation", rated Medium. It affects Wasmtime (Bytecodealliance); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 5.0 describes technical severity. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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