High Memory corruption exploit reference

CVE-2026-78161 — warmcat libwebsockets LECP CBOR Recording lecp.c report_raw_cbor out-of-bounds write

A vulnerability was found in warmcat libwebsockets 4.5.0. Impacted is the function report_raw_cbor of the file lib/misc/lecp.c of the component LECP CBOR Recording. The manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The patch is identified as 1d44554a1bb262db63ff4e240152a9deecd99054. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.

Published Aug 23, 2026 · Updated Oct 13, 2026 · Sources: NIST National Vulnerability Database, CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP · CNA: VulDB

Low

Who exploits it and how urgent it is

A 0–100 score combining confirmed exploitation, ransomware and APT use, public exploits, EPSS and severity.

No exploitation signal in the sources consulted so far.

How the score was calculated

EPSS 0.4% (30-day exploitation probability)+5
Technical severity (high)+6
CISA SSVC: exploitation "poc"+5
Automatable exploitation (SSVC)+3

The score orders the patch queue; it does not replace your asset context (internet exposure, criticality, compensating controls).

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the sources call it.

Exploitation

Not confirmed

Not in CISA KEV — an absence of record, not proof it is unexploited.

EPSS FIRST

0.41%

ahead of 33% of scored CVEs · Oct 14, 2026

Affects

Warmcat

Libwebsockets

CVSS base

7.3

High · 2 source(s)

CISA SSVC assessment CISA

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses (SSVC 2.0.3). A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

Exploitation

Proof of concept

none · proof-of-concept · active

Automatable

Yes

can an attacker script the kill-chain steps

Technical impact

Partial

partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

Fixes and mitigations documented by the sources — linked to the original advisory.

No fix documented by the sources we poll. That does not mean none exists: check the vendor advisory.

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record’s own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found. A rule-generated starting point.

Identify exposed assets running the affected vendor/product/version combinations (Warmcat Libwebsockets).
The attack is network-based and needs no privileges: restrict exposure (ACLs, VPN, WAF) until patched.
No fix documented in the sources: reduce exposure and monitor the vendor advisory.
Search available logs for exploit probes matching the vulnerability class (memory corruption), errors and authentication anomalies.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and versions as the sources word them.

Vendor	Product	Versions	Status	Source
Warmcat	Libwebsockets	version 4.5.0	Vulnerable	CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Attack vector

Network

Attack complexity

Low

Privileges required

None

User interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

Low

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and may disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

Score	Version	Severity	Expl.	Impact	Scored by
6.9	CVSS 4.0	Medium	—	—	VulDB via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
5.5	CVSS 4.0	Medium	—	—	cna@vuldb.com via NIST National Vulnerability Database
7.3	CVSS 3.1	High	3.9	3.4	cna@vuldb.com via NIST National Vulnerability Database
7.3	CVSS 3.1	High	—	—	VulDB via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
7.3	CVSS 3.0	High	—	—	VulDB via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
7.5	CVSS 2.0	High	10.0	6.4	cna@vuldb.com via NIST National Vulnerability Database
7.5	CVSS 2.0	High	—	—	VulDB via CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L (score shown at the top: cna@vuldb.com)

Weakness MITRE

Weakness class according to MITRE’s CWE catalog.

CWE-119 · Buffer Errors (Improper Restriction of Operations within Memory Bounds)

Other CVEs with this weakness →

EPSS over time FIRST

Oct 13, 2026 → Oct 14, 2026 · 2 reading(s) · max 0.41%

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not tested rules.

Prioritize edge telemetry for the network-reachable component (proxy, WAF, IDS/IPS).
Correlate service crashes/restarts with inbound traffic; repeated crashes may indicate attempts.

web/proxy/WAF logsnetwork IDS/IPSendpoint telemetry (EDR)crash dumps

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first.

2026
Affected products added · warmcat/libwebsockets
Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
SSVC assessment updated
Oct 13, 2026 · CVE Program (cve.org) e CISA ADP
Record published
Oct 13, 2026
CVSS changed · 7.3
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Source status changed · → Deferred
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
Record created in this database
Oct 13, 2026 · NIST National Vulnerability Database
CVE published
Aug 23, 2026 · VulDB

Source activity

Repeated readings are counted rather than listed.

1× Official description updated · Oct 13, 2026 – Oct 13, 2026

References

8 on the record

github.com/warmcat/libwebsockets/commit/1d44554a1bb262db63ff4e240152a9deecd99054
patch, NIST National Vulnerability Database
github.com/warmcat/libwebsockets/
product, NIST National Vulnerability Database
vuldb.com/vuln/394543/cti
signature, permissions-required, NIST National Vulnerability Database
vuldb.com/vuln/394543
vdb-entry, technical-description, NIST National Vulnerability Database
vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-78161
third-party-advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database
github.com/biniamf/pocs/tree/main/libwebsockets-lecp-lecp_parse-cbor_pos_oob_wri
exploit, NIST National Vulnerability Database
github.com/biniamf/pocs/blob/main/libwebsockets-lecp-lecp_parse-cbor_pos_oob_wri
exploit, NIST National Vulnerability Database
vuldb.com/submit/883225
third-party-advisory, NIST National Vulnerability Database

Elsewhere on this site

Warmcat
every CVE for this vendor

Memory corruption
same class

CWE-119
other pages naming this weakness

Related CVEs (same products)

Medium CVE-2026-10650 warmcat libwebsockets SSH Protocol sshd.c lws_ssh_parse_plaintext resource consumption Jun 2, 2026
Medium CVE-2025-11680 Out-of-bounds Write in libwebsockets PNG parsing Oct 20, 2025
Medium CVE-2025-11679 Out-of-bounds Read in libwebsockets PNG parsing Oct 20, 2025
Medium CVE-2025-11677 Use After Free in libwebsockets WebSocket server Oct 20, 2025

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

No fixed version, patch or mitigation documented.
No confirmed IOCs, IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or malware artifacts supplied.
No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record

Text assembled only from the fields above — no additional claims.

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2026-78161 is "warmcat libwebsockets LECP CBOR Recording lecp.c report_raw_cbor out-of-bounds write", rated High. It affects Libwebsockets (Warmcat); versions are in the scope table. It is not in CISA KEV, which does not rule out exploitation. CVSS 7.3 describes technical severity. EPSS 0.41% estimates the probability of exploitation in 30 days; neither replaces your asset context. First verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run the affected versions, apply vendor fixes or mitigations, and preserve logs for review.

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