CVE Database

Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c. The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as "Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)". The crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings). Any application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011). This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hfs/hfsplus: fix u32 overflow in check_and_correct_requested_length check_and_correct_requested_length() compares (off + len) against node_size using u32 arithmetic. When the caller passes a large len value (e.g. from an underflowed subtraction in hfs_brec_remove()), off + len can wrap past 2^32 and produce a small result, causing the bounds check to pass when it should fail. For example, with off=14 and len=0xFFFFFFF2 (underflowed from data_off - keyoffset - size in hfs_brec_remove), off + len wraps to 6, which is less than a typical node_size of 512, so the check passes and the subsequent memmove reads ~4GB past the node buffer. Fix this by widening the addition to u64 before comparing against node_size. This prevents the u32 wrap while keeping the logic straightforward.

Out-of-bounds Write, Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in Apache NimBLE BASS service. Improper validation when parsing BASS service  "Add Source" and "Modify Source" operation PDU could results in stack buffer overflow or arbitrary out-of-bound read. This can be triggered by nearby devices over Bluetooth connection, however pairing is required prior to accessing BASS service, which depending on device configuration may or may not require user action. This issue affects Apache NimBLE: through 1.9.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.10.0, which fixes the issue.

FFmpeg through 8.1.2 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that allows attackers to cause heap corruption by supplying a crafted ffconcat file processed with the -safe 0 flag. The TY demuxer's demux_audio() function decrements packet size without bounds checking, producing a negative size value that is passed to memcpy() in shorten_decode_frame(), where conversion to size_t wraps the value to near SIZE_MAX and triggers reads beyond the source allocation and writes far beyond the Shorten decoder's bitstream buffer.

Integer underflow (wrap or wraparound) in Microsoft Defender allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Integer underflow (wrap or wraparound) in Reliable Multicast Transport Driver (RMCAST) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.

U-Boot through 2026.04-rc3 contains an integer underflow vulnerability in the tcp_rx_state_machine() function (net/tcp.c) that allows a network-adjacent attacker to crash the bootloader by sending a malformed TCP SYN+ACK packet with a manipulated data offset field causing payload_len to become negative. When the TCP_SYN_SENT handler calls tcp_rx_user_data() without invoking tcp_seg_in_wnd() validation, the negative payload_len is implicitly converted to a large unsigned integer (e.g., 0xFFFFFFD8) and passed to memcpy() in store_block(), causing an immediate crash that prevents device boot and may enable memory corruption when CONFIG_LMB is disabled.

libnfs through 6.0.2 before 935b8db has an xid integer underflow in READ_IOVEC in rpc_read_from_socket in lib/socket.c during a connection to a crafted NFS server, when the expected pdu size exceeds the absolute pdu size from the xid/record-marker.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: staging: rtl8723bs: rtw_mlme: add bounds checks before ie_length subtraction Add guards to ensure ie_length is large enough before subtracting fixed IE offsets to prevent unsigned integer underflow.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/omfs: reject s_sys_blocksize smaller than OMFS_DIR_START omfs_fill_super() rejects oversized s_sys_blocksize values (> PAGE_SIZE), but it does not reject values smaller than OMFS_DIR_START (0x1b8 = 440). Later, omfs_make_empty() uses sbi->s_sys_blocksize - OMFS_DIR_START as the length argument to memset(). Since s_sys_blocksize is u32, a crafted filesystem image with s_sys_blocksize < OMFS_DIR_START causes an unsigned underflow there, wrapping to a value near 2^32. That drives a ~4 GiB memset() from bh->b_data + OMFS_DIR_START and overwrites kernel memory far beyond the backing block buffer. Add the corresponding lower-bound check alongside the existing upper-bound check in omfs_fill_super(), so that malformed images are rejected during superblock validation before any filesystem data is processed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: fix tp_meter counter underflow during shutdown batadv_tp_sender_shutdown() unconditionally decrements the "sending" atomic counter. If multiple paths (e.g. timeout, user cancel, and normal finish) call this function, the counter can underflow to -1. Since the sender logic treats any non-zero value as "still sending", a negative value causes the sender kthread to loop indefinitely. This leads to a use-after-free when the interface is removed while the zombie thread is still active. Fix this by using atomic_xchg() to ensure the counter only transitions from 1 to 0 once. [sven: added missing change in batadv_tp_send]