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Ransomware Intelligence

CISA flags a vulnerability as "used by ransomware" only when a campaign is confirmed. These are flaws extortion groups have already exploited: fixing them first removes the most concrete risk.

361
CVEs used by ransomware · 21% of the KEV catalog
3
added in the last 90 days
173
critical
221
victims posted (30 days)
410
groups tracked

Most active groups (30 days)

Victims posted on leak sites, according to ransomware.live. Victim names are not displayed.

GroupVictimsLast activity
N0n 60 5h
thegentlemen 31 17h
qilin 21 19h
Wallstreet 15 11h
play 9 6h
lockbit5 8 1d
incransom 7 1d
THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS 7 17h
iah6477 7 1d
akira 6 1d
interlock 6 4d
Dark Project 3 4d

Most affected countries (30 days)

  • United States67
  • Brazil15
  • Sweden10
  • South Korea10
  • United Kingdom8
  • Spain5
  • Germany5
  • Japan5
  • India5
  • Australia4

Most affected sectors (30 days)

  • Transportation31
  • Professional Services27
  • Healthcare25
  • Manufacturing23
  • Technology20
  • Other14
  • Financial Services11
  • Retail & E-Commerce10
  • Agriculture and Food Production8
  • Energy & Utilities6

Groups and the CVEs they exploit

clop 5akira 3alphv 3conti 3hive 3play 3medusa 2vicesociety 2atomsilo 1blackbyte 1blackshadow 1BrainCipher 1esxiargs 1frag 1handala 1icefire 1incransom 1karma 1lockbit 1maze 1nightsky 1nightspire 1nokoyawa 1revil 1reynolds 1underground 1

CVEs used in ransomware campaigns

Severity
Clear

11 result(s)

CVE-2024-4577 Critical · 9.8 KEV Urgent · 93 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-78 Jun 9, 2024
PHP-CGI OS Command Injection Vulnerability
In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, 8.3.* before 8.3.8, when using Apache and PHP-CGI on Windows, if the system is set up to use certain code pages, Windows may use "Best-Fit" behavior to replace characters in command line given to Win32 API functions. PHP CGI module may misinterpret those characters as PHP options, which may allow a malicious user to pass options to PHP binary being run, and thus reveal the source code of scripts, run arbitrary PHP code on the server, etc.
CVE-2024-1086 High · 7.8 KEV Urgent · 72 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-416 Jan 31, 2024
Linux Kernel Use-After-Free Vulnerability
A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component can be exploited to achieve local privilege escalation. The nft_verdict_init() function allows positive values as drop error within the hook verdict, and hence the nf_hook_slow() function can cause a double free vulnerability when NF_DROP is issued with a drop error which resembles NF_ACCEPT. We recommend upgrading past commit f342de4e2f33e0e39165d8639387aa6c19dff660.
CVE-2021-45046 Critical · 9.0 KEV Urgent · 90 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-917 Dec 14, 2021
Apache Log4j2 Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability
It was found that the fix to address CVE-2021-44228 in Apache Log4j 2.15.0 was incomplete in certain non-default configurations. This could allows attackers with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data when the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with either a Context Lookup (for example, $${ctx:loginId}) or a Thread Context Map pattern (%X, %mdc, or %MDC) to craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern resulting in an information leak and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. Log4j 2.16.0 (Java 8) and 2.12.2 (Java 7) fix this issue by removing support for message lookup patterns and disabling JNDI functionality by default.
CVE-2022-2294 High · 8.8 KEV High · 66 Ransomware CWE-787 Jul 27, 2022
WebRTC Heap Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Heap buffer overflow in WebRTC in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.114 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2019-11043 Critical · 9.8 KEV Urgent · 90 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-787 Oct 28, 2019
PHP FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
In PHP versions 7.1.x below 7.1.33, 7.2.x below 7.2.24 and 7.3.x below 7.3.11 in certain configurations of FPM setup it is possible to cause FPM module to write past allocated buffers into the space reserved for FCGI protocol data, thus opening the possibility of remote code execution.
CVE-2021-44228 Critical · 10.0 KEV Urgent · 100 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-20 Dec 10, 2021
Apache Log4j2 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Apache Log4j2 2.0-beta9 through 2.15.0 (excluding security releases 2.12.2, 2.12.3, and 2.3.1) JNDI features used in configuration, log messages, and parameters do not protect against attacker controlled LDAP and other JNDI related endpoints. An attacker who can control log messages or log message parameters can execute arbitrary code loaded from LDAP servers when message lookup substitution is enabled. From log4j 2.15.0, this behavior has been disabled by default. From version 2.16.0 (along with 2.12.2, 2.12.3, and 2.3.1), this functionality has been completely removed. Note that this vulnerability is specific to log4j-core and does not affect log4net, log4cxx, or other Apache Logging Services projects.
CVE-2021-40438 Critical · 9.0 KEV Urgent · 83 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-918 Sep 16, 2021
Apache HTTP Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
A crafted request uri-path can cause mod_proxy to forward the request to an origin server choosen by the remote user. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server 2.4.48 and earlier.
CVE-2019-5544 Critical · 9.8 KEV Urgent · 83 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-787 Dec 6, 2019
VMware ESXi and Horizon DaaS OpenSLP Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
OpenSLP as used in ESXi and the Horizon DaaS appliances has a heap overwrite issue. VMware has evaluated the severity of this issue to be in the Critical severity range with a maximum CVSSv3 base score of 9.8.
CVE-2020-1472 Medium · 5.5 KEV Urgent · 96 Public exploit Ransomware Aug 17, 2020
Microsoft Netlogon Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when an attacker establishes a vulnerable Netlogon secure channel connection to a domain controller, using the Netlogon Remote Protocol (MS-NRPC). An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could run a specially crafted application on a device on the network. To exploit the vulnerability, an unauthenticated attacker would be required to use MS-NRPC to connect to a domain controller to obtain domain administrator access. Microsoft is addressing the vulnerability in a phased two-part rollout. These updates address the vulnerability by modifying how Netlogon handles the usage of Netlogon secure channels. For guidelines on how to manage the changes required for this vulnerability and more information on the phased rollout, see How to manage the changes in Netlogon secure channel connections associated with CVE-2020-1472 (updated September 28, 2020). When the second phase of Windows updates become available in Q1 2021, customers will be notified via a revision to this security vulnerability. If you wish to be notified when these updates are released, we recommend that you register for the security notifications mailer to be alerted of content changes to this advisory. See Microsoft Technical Security Notifications.
CVE-2021-41773 Critical · 9.8 KEV Urgent · 93 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-22 Oct 5, 2021
Apache HTTP Server Path Traversal Vulnerability
A flaw was found in a change made to path normalization in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49. An attacker could use a path traversal attack to map URLs to files outside the directories configured by Alias-like directives. If files outside of these directories are not protected by the usual default configuration "require all denied", these requests can succeed. If CGI scripts are also enabled for these aliased pathes, this could allow for remote code execution. This issue is known to be exploited in the wild. This issue only affects Apache 2.4.49 and not earlier versions. The fix in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.50 was found to be incomplete, see CVE-2021-42013.
CVE-2021-42013 Critical · 9.8 KEV Urgent · 93 Public exploit Ransomware CWE-22 Oct 7, 2021
Apache HTTP Server Path Traversal Vulnerability
It was found that the fix for CVE-2021-41773 in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.50 was insufficient. An attacker could use a path traversal attack to map URLs to files outside the directories configured by Alias-like directives. If files outside of these directories are not protected by the usual default configuration "require all denied", these requests can succeed. If CGI scripts are also enabled for these aliased pathes, this could allow for remote code execution. This issue only affects Apache 2.4.49 and Apache 2.4.50 and not earlier versions.

Sources: CISA KEV (knownRansomwareCampaignUse field) and ransomware.live (groups, TTPs and victim counts). The absence of a KEV flag does not mean a flaw is not used by ransomware.